John Seddon puts it this way:
THINKING -> SYSTEM -> OUTCOMES.
In other words, if you don't like the outcomes produced by any (human) system, then you have to put the blame on the Thinking that provides the DNA of the system.
Put another way, if you want to change the outcomes of the system, you have to start by changing the thinking of those who are responsible for the system.
That is a very difficult challenge, but if it is not addressed, all the fancy managerialist techniques and tools will be a waste of time and energy.
The essential shift in thinking, of course, is from the Command and Control mindset, to one that sees leadership in terms of initiating and sustaining the participative processes by which the whole system constantly improves its capacity to learn, adapt, and respond creatively to both threats and opportunities.
If the human family is to survive the 21st century, those qualities will be needed in every kind of human system, from the street to the state and every level and facet in between.